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CDM-Qx Satellite Modem Revision 5
Forward Error Correction Options MN/CDMQx.IOM
6–6
6.5 Turbo Product Codec (Hardware Option)
6.5.1 Introduction
Turbo coding is an FEC technique developed
within the last few years, which delivers
significant performance improvements
compared to more traditional techniques. Two general classes of Turbo Codes have been
developed, Turbo Convolutional Codes (TCC), and Turbo Product Codes (TPC, a block
coding technique). Comtech EF Data has chosen to implement an FEC codec based on
TPC. A Turbo Product Code is a 2 or 3 dimensional array of block codes. Encoding is
relatively straightforward, but decoding is a very complex process requiring multiple
iterations of processing for maximum performance to be achieved.
Unlike the popular method of concatenating a Reed-Solomon codec with a primary FEC
codec, Turbo Product Coding is an entirely stand-alone method. It does not require the
complex interleaving/de-interleaving of the R-S approach, and consequently, decoding
delays are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the traditional concatenated R-S schemes
exhibit a very pronounced threshold effect – a small reduction in Eb/No can result in total
loss of demod and decoder synchronization. TPC does not suffer from this problem – the
demod and decoder remain synchronized down to the point where the output error rate
becomes unusable. This is considered to be a particularly advantageous characteristic in a
fading environment. Typically, in QPSK, 8-PSK and 16-QAM TPC modes the demod
and decoder can remain synchronized 2 – 3 dB below the Viterbi/Reed-Solomon or TCM
cases
.
Comtech now provides the best Forward Error Correction technology currently available,
offering a very broad range of TPC code rates, combined with the entire range of
modulation types, from BPSK to 16-QAM.
6.5.2 The Evolution of TPC in Comtech Products
When Comtech EF Data first introduced the Turbo Coding option in 1999, only Rate 3/4
QPSK was offered. Further work permitted the addition of Offset QPSK operation. Two
further code rates - Rate 21/44 BPSK (very close to Rate 1/2) and Rate 5/16 BPSK (very
close to Rate 1/3) were then made available.
(These two rates were developed to address transmission from very small antennas,
where ITU flux density limits may be an issue. The combination of code rate and BPSK
modulation provides wide spreading, and hence reduces flux density.)
In 2002, the new second generation TPC option was released. This has added data rate
capability up to 20 Mbps, in addition to Rate 7/8 and Rate 17/18 capability. The Rate 7/8
TPC is extremely powerful, offering performance very close to the original Rate 3/4
TPC, but using 15% less bandwidth. Note also that the Rate 17/18 TPC adds just 5% FEC
overhead, but yields almost identical coding gain to Rate 1/2 Viterbi at a BER of 1 x 10
-7
.
Below is a listing of all the available TPC modes and rates in the CDM-Qx.
- CD 1
- Errata A 3
- Errata B 5
- Errata C 7
- Errata D 9
- Carrier-in-Carrier 11
- CUSTOMER SUPPORT 12
- Table of Contents 13
- Preface MN/CDMQx.IOM 14
- About this Manual 17
- CONVENTIONS AND REFERENCES 17
- ELECTRICAL SAFETY 18
- INSTALLATION 19
- CE MARK 20
- TRADEMARKS 20
- WARRANTY POLICY 21
- Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 23
- 1.2 Features 24
- 1.2.3 Verification 25
- 1.2.4 Data Interfaces 26
- 1.2.5 Turbo Product Coding 26
- 1.2.6 Remote Control 26
- 1.3 Major Assemblies 27
- 1.4.2 FAST System Theory 29
- 1.4.3 Implementation 29
- 1.4.4 Hardware Options 29
- Introduction MN/CDMQx.IOM 30
- 1.5 L-Band 31
- 1.6 Compatibility 31
- Chapter 2. INSTALLATION 33
- 2.2 Mounting 34
- Installation MN/CDMQx.IOM 35
- 2.3 Configuration 36
- 2.4 Select Internal IF Loop 36
- 2.5 Connect External Cables 36
- Chapter 3. FUNCTIONAL 37
- DESCRIPTION 37
- Chapter 4. EXTERNAL 41
- CONNECTIONS 41
- 4.2 Front Panel 42
- 4.3 Rear Panel 43
- 4.4 Chassis Connections 47
- 4.4.1 USB Port 47
- 4.4.3 485/232 Connector 47
- 4.4.4 Alarms Connector 48
- 4.5 AC Power Connector 52
- 4.6 DC Power Connector 52
- 4.7 Ground Connector 53
- Chapter 5. FRONT PANEL 55
- 5.2 Left-Hand Display Area 58
- 5.2.1 Modems 58
- 5.2.2 Redundancy 59
- 5.2.3 Spectrum Analyzer 60
- 5.5 Opening Screen 62
- 5.6 TOP LEVEL SELECTION 62
- 5.6.1 CONFIG 63
- (ConfigRemoteSerial) 64
- Address 65
- (ConfigRemoteEthernet) 65
- (ConfigRemoteEthernetMAC) 66
- On/Off Pwr 69
- Tx IF Freq: 1156.3456 MHz 72
- (◄ ►,▲ ▼, ENT) 72
- Rx:FEC Demod Code Data Freq 78
- Tx Roll-off: 20% 35% 78
- Rx Rs (n/k): (◄ ►, ENT) 79
- Rx FEC: Vit Vit+RS TCM+RS 79
- Sym:02500.000ksps 81
- STarrow 86
- +/-015 (▲ ▼ ENT) 86
- CnC SEARCH IS UNRESOLVED! 86
- (ConfigGroupModem) 87
- (ConfigGroupRedundancy) 88
- EDMAC or EDMAC-2 90
- AUPC+EDMAC MODE 90
- T1 Line Length: 94
- 000-133 feet (▲ ▼ 94
- G.703 E1 Line Code: 94
- 5.6.1.8 (ConfigMask) - MASK 96
- (ConfigODUBUCLO) - BUC LO 103
- (ConfigODULNB) LNB 104
- (ConfigODULNBLO) LO 106
- (ConfigODULNBMix) MIX 106
- 5.6.2 MONITOR 107
- Rx Traffic: AGC Alarm 108
- Tx Traffic: No Tx Clock 108
- UF=+11.7k RSL= 109
- UF=+11.7k Buf=50% RSL= 109
- Log 023: 30/11/02 10:37:32 110
- Log 024: 30/11/97 10:37:35 110
- Link Statistics: View 111
- Sta198: 02/11/02 10:37:32 111
- (for grouped as modem only) 113
- 5.6.3 TEST: 115
- IF LOOPBACK 119
- LOOPBACK 119
- I/O LOOPBACK 119
- 5.6.4 INFO (Information) 120
- 5.6.5 SAVE/LOAD 124
- 5.6.6 UTILITY 127
- IMPORTANT 129
- Chapter 6. FORWARD ERROR 133
- CORRECTION OPTIONS 133
- 6.2 Viterbi 134
- 6.3.1 Closed Network Modes 136
- 6.4 Trellis Coding 137
- 6.5.1 Introduction 138
- Decoding 142
- Viterbi with 143
- RS 220,200 143
- Outer Code 143
- 8-PSK/TCM Rate 2/3 144
- Decoding, with and 144
- Rate 3/4 QPSK, 8-PSK 145
- Comtech Turbo Product Codec 145
- Spec limit 146
- Rate 7/8 146
- Rate 21/44 BPSK 148
- Rate 5/16 BPSK 148
- Chapter 7. EDMAC CHANNEL 151
- 7.2 M&C Connection 152
- 7.3 Setup Summary 153
- EDMAC Channel MN/CDMQx.IOM 154
- Chapter 8. AUTOMATIC UPLINK 155
- POWER CONTROL 155
- 8.2.1 Target Eb/No 156
- 8.2.2 Max Range 156
- 8.2.3 Alarm 157
- 8.2.4 Demod Unlock 157
- 8.3 Compensation Rate 157
- 8.4 Monitoring 158
- Chapter 9. DoubleTalk™ 159
- OPERATION 159
- Chapter 10. REDUNDANCY 163
- Redundancy MN/CDMQx.IOM 164
- Chapter 11. ETHERNET 165
- MANAGEMENT 165
- 11.3.1 Web Server Menu Tree 167
- 11.4 SNMP Interface 172
- 11.4.3 SNMP Traps 173
- 11.5 Telnet Interface 174
- Appendix A. SUMMARY OF 179
- SPECIFICATIONS 179
- Comtech EF Data 180
- CDM-Qx Transmit 180
- Power Spectral Density 180
- A.2 Demodulator 181
- A.3 Data Interfaces 183
- A.5 Data Rate Ranges 184
- A.6 Framing Summary (Future) 185
- A.7 Miscellaneous 185
- Appendix B. FLASH UPGRADING 187
- Appendix C. REMOTE CONTROL 191
- C.2 RS-232 192
- C.3 Basic Protocol 192
- C.4 Packet Structure 193
- C.4.1 Start Of Packet 193
- C.4.5 Message Arguments 197
- C.4.6 End Of Packet 197
- C.5 Remote Commands 197
- C.5.1 TX Remote Commands 199
- C.5.2 RX Remote Commands 203
- C.5.4 Query Commands 220
- 7 bytes 221
- N/A 6 bytes Query only 227
- N/A 6 bytes Query Only 228
- C.5.5 Bulk Commands 230
- C.5.6 BUC Commands 232
- C.5.7 LNB Commands 235
- PERFORMANCE 243
- CHARACTERIZATION 243
- 16-QAM 3/4 Turbo 246
- QPSK 17/18 Turbo 249
- QPSK 3/4 Turbo 249
- QPSK 21/44 Turbo 249
- QPSK 7/8 Turbo 249
- D.5 Symbol Rate Ratio 250
- D.6 CnC Carrier Offset 250
- Carrier(s) 251
- Site A Site B 252
- D.10 Conclusion 256
- Metric Conversions 257
- 480 • 333 • 2200 PHONE 258
- 480 • 333 • 258
- 2161 FAX 258
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